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DKK1 Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with CIMP and Elevation of MYC Expression

Received: 11 April 2022     Accepted: 3 May 2022     Published: 12 May 2022
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Abstract

Background: Carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced greatly by the canonical WNT signaling pathway. Genetically, the secreted protein Dickkopf (Dkk) family is known as an antagonist to the WNT. To clarify the role of DKK1 in the WNT signaling pathway in the colorectal carcinogenesis, we examined the DKK1 promoter methylation in CRC and analyze the relationship of expression level of DKK1 and MYC in relation with APC gene abnormalities. Methods: We integrated clinico-pathological and molecular findings of 41 cases of CRC. We adopted methylation-specific PCR, DNA sequencing, allelic loss analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, and MSI testing for genetic analyses. Results: CRCs with DKK1 promotor methylation were found in 10 cases (24.4%), which were located predominantly in the proximal colon and frequently showed findings of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or mucinous adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, colorectal cancers with DKK1 promotor methylation showed characteristics of microsatellite instability (MSI)-high (70%) and a BRAF mutation (40%), which are known as the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). In the DKK1 promotor methylation group, the relative expression level of DKK1 mRNA was significantly reduced in comparison to the DKK1 promotor un-methylation group (p < 0.05). When excluding the impact of APC abnormality, MYC expression in the DKK1 promotor methylation group was significantly elevated compared to that in the DKK1 promotor un-methylation group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It is suggested that DKK1 is one of the regulators involved in MYC expression through the WNT signaling pathway and may have a negative effect on carcinogenesis of the colorectum without APC abnormalities.

Published in International Journal of Gastroenterology (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13
Page(s) 9-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

DKK1, MYC, WNT Signaling Pathway, Methylation, Colorectal Cancer, CIMP

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mie Yoshimura, Kazuo Tamura, Tomoki Yamano, Nagahide Matsubara, Akihito Babaya, et al. (2022). DKK1 Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with CIMP and Elevation of MYC Expression. International Journal of Gastroenterology, 6(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13

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    ACS Style

    Mie Yoshimura; Kazuo Tamura; Tomoki Yamano; Nagahide Matsubara; Akihito Babaya, et al. DKK1 Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with CIMP and Elevation of MYC Expression. Int. J. Gastroenterol. 2022, 6(1), 9-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13

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    AMA Style

    Mie Yoshimura, Kazuo Tamura, Tomoki Yamano, Nagahide Matsubara, Akihito Babaya, et al. DKK1 Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with CIMP and Elevation of MYC Expression. Int J Gastroenterol. 2022;6(1):9-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13,
      author = {Mie Yoshimura and Kazuo Tamura and Tomoki Yamano and Nagahide Matsubara and Akihito Babaya and Michiko Yasuhara and Aya Yano and Miki Fukumoto and Norihito Kawashita and Junko Tatsumi-Miyajima and Naohiro Tomita},
      title = {DKK1 Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with CIMP and Elevation of MYC Expression},
      journal = {International Journal of Gastroenterology},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijg.20220601.13},
      abstract = {Background: Carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced greatly by the canonical WNT signaling pathway. Genetically, the secreted protein Dickkopf (Dkk) family is known as an antagonist to the WNT. To clarify the role of DKK1 in the WNT signaling pathway in the colorectal carcinogenesis, we examined the DKK1 promoter methylation in CRC and analyze the relationship of expression level of DKK1 and MYC in relation with APC gene abnormalities. Methods: We integrated clinico-pathological and molecular findings of 41 cases of CRC. We adopted methylation-specific PCR, DNA sequencing, allelic loss analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, and MSI testing for genetic analyses. Results: CRCs with DKK1 promotor methylation were found in 10 cases (24.4%), which were located predominantly in the proximal colon and frequently showed findings of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or mucinous adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, colorectal cancers with DKK1 promotor methylation showed characteristics of microsatellite instability (MSI)-high (70%) and a BRAF mutation (40%), which are known as the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). In the DKK1 promotor methylation group, the relative expression level of DKK1 mRNA was significantly reduced in comparison to the DKK1 promotor un-methylation group (p MYC expression in the DKK1 promotor methylation group was significantly elevated compared to that in the DKK1 promotor un-methylation group (p Conclusions: It is suggested that DKK1 is one of the regulators involved in MYC expression through the WNT signaling pathway and may have a negative effect on carcinogenesis of the colorectum without APC abnormalities.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - DKK1 Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with CIMP and Elevation of MYC Expression
    AU  - Mie Yoshimura
    AU  - Kazuo Tamura
    AU  - Tomoki Yamano
    AU  - Nagahide Matsubara
    AU  - Akihito Babaya
    AU  - Michiko Yasuhara
    AU  - Aya Yano
    AU  - Miki Fukumoto
    AU  - Norihito Kawashita
    AU  - Junko Tatsumi-Miyajima
    AU  - Naohiro Tomita
    Y1  - 2022/05/12
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13
    T2  - International Journal of Gastroenterology
    JF  - International Journal of Gastroenterology
    JO  - International Journal of Gastroenterology
    SP  - 9
    EP  - 17
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-169X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20220601.13
    AB  - Background: Carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced greatly by the canonical WNT signaling pathway. Genetically, the secreted protein Dickkopf (Dkk) family is known as an antagonist to the WNT. To clarify the role of DKK1 in the WNT signaling pathway in the colorectal carcinogenesis, we examined the DKK1 promoter methylation in CRC and analyze the relationship of expression level of DKK1 and MYC in relation with APC gene abnormalities. Methods: We integrated clinico-pathological and molecular findings of 41 cases of CRC. We adopted methylation-specific PCR, DNA sequencing, allelic loss analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, and MSI testing for genetic analyses. Results: CRCs with DKK1 promotor methylation were found in 10 cases (24.4%), which were located predominantly in the proximal colon and frequently showed findings of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or mucinous adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, colorectal cancers with DKK1 promotor methylation showed characteristics of microsatellite instability (MSI)-high (70%) and a BRAF mutation (40%), which are known as the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). In the DKK1 promotor methylation group, the relative expression level of DKK1 mRNA was significantly reduced in comparison to the DKK1 promotor un-methylation group (p MYC expression in the DKK1 promotor methylation group was significantly elevated compared to that in the DKK1 promotor un-methylation group (p Conclusions: It is suggested that DKK1 is one of the regulators involved in MYC expression through the WNT signaling pathway and may have a negative effect on carcinogenesis of the colorectum without APC abnormalities.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

  • Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

  • Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

  • Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

  • Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

  • Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

  • Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

  • Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

  • Division of Genetic Medicine, Master of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Research, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan

  • Division of Genetic Medicine, Master of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Research, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan

  • Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan

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